Ankle Sprains

Ankle Sprains

Ankle sprains are common injuries. They usually happen when the ankle “turns in” or inverts more than it should. Ligaments connect the bones of the ankle together, like pieces of strong tape. When a ligament is stretched or torn, a “sprained” ankle is the result. Ligaments are tough bands of tissue, but when they are pulled to their limit, they can tear.

There are 3 ligaments on the outside (lateral) of the ankle. These are the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL).

The ATFL and CFL ligaments are the most commonly torn ligaments after an ankle sprain. The lateral ligaments provide 30% of the strength or stability to your ankle, while the other surrounding ligaments, tendons, and muscle provide 70% of the support to your ankle. Even with torn ATFL and CFL ligaments, the majority of patients are able to return to their pre-injury level of activity without surgery as long as they are able to strengthen their ankle. Starting physical therapy as soon as possible is key to recovery. 

Typical Treatment:

• A walking boot or AirCast for 1 week after your injury until your swelling decreases and you can fit into a regular shoe.
• Many transition into an ankle brace for stability as they recover strength in their ankle.
• Elevate your ankle above your heart (“toes above nose”); gently pump your ankle up and down, then try drawing circles with your ankle.
• Apply ice for 10 – 15 minutes, 5 – 6 times per day in the first few days and later after exercising.
• Crutches may be recommended until you regain the ability to walk with little to no pain.
• An anti-inflammatory medication to alleviate pain and swelling (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Advil®, Motrin®, Ibuprofen®, and Aleve®).
• Physical Therapy for one-on-one management

Length of Recovery & Prevention:

• Factors that determine your length of recovery are: your age, your health, the severity of the injury, and previous injuries to the foot and ankle in the past.
• Flexibility, strength, and good balance can help prevent future ankle sprains from happening. 
• Physical therapy is KEY in recovery after an ankle sprain, starting as soon as possible after your injury.